The financial analysis of balance sheets by ratios is to determine the ability of the company to meet its expenses and obligations to their respective maturities.
To do this, first, the elements are grouped based on their Active smaller and easier to become money and Liabilities by major and minor degree of enforceability. For example: Non-current assets, inventories, Achievable, Available in the Active tale. And Equity, Non-current liabilities and current liabilities with respect to the liability.
Then relate the elements, resulting in ratios or ratios that evaluate the level of liquidity, solvency, and balance when compared to standard values, or between different periods of the company. The number of ratios to be used may be wider or narrower depending on what you want to deepen the analysis.
In the following Excel application have included five ratios: Cash, Liquidity, Independence, Debt and Stability, aimed at evaluating the ability to pay from lowest to highest term. Also calculated maneuver Fund indispensable in financial analysis, because its positive value is crucial to the stability of the company and as collateral for long-term continued growth.
On the sheet are included guideline values as mean ratios of the data published by central balance sheet and recommendations of several authors, but the analyst must assess also the ratios obtained depending on the particular circumstances of the company and the sector in which it operates.
Finally we performed comparative graphs of the ratios for the four periods analyzed in order to obtain an intuitive and dynamics of the situation.
see sheet:
http://empiezoinformatica.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/analisis_de_balances21.xlsx
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